BIOMARKER PANELS
150+ BIOMARKERS
Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Cell Volume, Red Blood Cell Count, Basophil Count, Lymphocyte Count, Eosinophil Count, Monocyte Count, Neutrophil Count, White Blood Cell Count, Platelet Count
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Haemoglobin | An iron-containing protein within red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen. |
Haematocrit | A measurement of the volume of red blood cells compared to the total blood volume (red blood cells and plasma). |
Mean Cell Haemoglobin | A measurement of the average amount of haemoglobin in a single red blood cell. |
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | A measurement of haemoglobin concentration in a red blood cell relative to the cells volume. |
Mean Cell Volume (MCV) | A measurement of the mean size of red blood cells. |
Red Blood Cell Count | A component of blood that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body. |
Basophil Count | A type of immune white blood cell, found in the blood with enzymes that are released during allergic reactions. |
Lymphocyte Count | A type of immune white blood cell, found in the blood and in lymph tissue. |
Eosinophil Count | A type of immune white blood cell that releases enzymes in response to gastrointestinal infection, allergic reaction. |
Monocyte Count | A type of immune white blood cell that travel through the blood to kill micro-organisms and remove dead cells. |
Neutrophil Count | A type of immune white blood cell that has an important role in the immune system and helps the body fight bacterial infection. |
White Blood Cell Count | A component of blood that are part of the body’s immune system, helping the body fight infection and disease. |
Platelet Count | A component of blood that prevent bleeding and allow blood to clot. |
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Transferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Total Bilirubin, Albumin
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | ALP is an enzyme found in the bloodstream. It helps break down proteins in the body and exists in different organs. |
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | ALT is an enzyme found mostly in the liver which helps the liver break down proteins to make them easier for your body to absorb. |
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver but also in red blood cells, heart and other muscles. A blood test measuring AST is used to detect damage to cells. |
Gamma Glutamyl-Transferase (GGT) | GGT is an enzyme found in the liver that helps with the metabolism of substances in the body. |
Total Bilirubin | A measurement of the amount of the substance bilirubin, produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. |
Albumin | A protein made in the liver, it enters your bloodstream and helps keep fluid from leaking out of your blood vessels into other tissues. It is also carries hormones, vitamins, and enzymes throughout your body. |
Creatinine, eGFR, Chloride, Potassium, Phosphate, Sodium, Cystatin C, Uric Acid, Urea
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Creatinine | A waste product left over from the breakdown of creatine, creatine is used to supply energy mainly to the muscles. |
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) | A measurement of how much blood is passed through your kidneys to be filtered every minute; based on age, ethnicity and sex. |
Chloride | Chloride is one the electrolytes in your blood. Electrolytes are essential for nerve and muscle function and maintain pH balance of your blood and water balance. |
Potassium | Potassium is a mineral that helps nerves and muscles communicate, nutrients move into cells and waste products move out of cells. |
Phosphate | Phosphates are essential for the production of energy, muscle and nerve function, and bone growth. |
Sodium | A mineral needed by the body to keep body fluids in homeostasis (balance). |
Cystatin C | Cystatin C is a protein produced by the cells in your body. The amount of cystatin C in blood to help evaluate kidney function. |
Uric Acid | A waste product left over from normal chemical processes in the body and found in the urine and blood. |
Urea | A waste product formed by the breakdown of amino acids from protein in the liver. |
Ferritin, Iron, TIBC, Transferrin, Transferrin Saturation
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Ferritin | A protein that binds to iron and stores it for use by the body. |
Iron | A mineral the body needs to make haemoglobin, a substance in the blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body. |
TIBC | TIBC – A TIBC (total iron-binding capacity) test measures your blood’s ability to attach to iron and carry it throughout your body. |
Transferrin | A protein that transports iron through the blood to various tissues, such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. |
Transferrin Saturation | A transferrin saturation test tells us how much iron in the blood is bound to transferrin. A low transferrin saturation can indicate an iron deficiency. |
Total Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol/HDL Cholesterol Ratio, Triglycerides
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Total Cholesterol | Total cholesterol measures the overall amount of cholesterol in your blood. |
LDL Cholesterol | Commonly known as ‘bad’ cholesterol, LDL is a fat that circulates in the blood, moving cholesterol around the blood stream. |
HDL Cholesterol | Commonly known as ‘good’ cholesterol, HDL carries LDL (bad) cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver. |
Total Cholesterol/HDL Cholesterol Ratio | A measurement of your total serum cholesterol in ratio to your HDL cholesterol. A high total cholesterol to HDL ratio indicates a higher risk for heart disease. |
Triglycerides | A type of fat that is the most common type of fat in the blood, used by the body for energy. |
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein B / A-I Ratio, Apolipoprotein CII, Apolipoprotein CIII, Apolipoprotein E, Cardiovascular Risk Score, Lipoprotein (a) , Small LDL Cholesterol
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) | The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test is a blood test that finds lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Hs-CRP tests can help identify more cardiovascular issues and chronic inflammation over the long term. |
Apolipoprotein A-I | Apolipoprotein A is a protein carried in HDL (“good”) cholesterol. Monitoring Apolipoprotein A-I can help evaluate your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. |
Apolipoprotein B | Apolipoprotein B is a protein that helps carry fat and cholesterol through your body. Monitoring Apolipoprotein B can help evaluate your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. |
Apolipoprotein B / A-I Ratio | Apolipoprotein B / A-I ratio evaluates your ApoB:A-I. An increased ratio of apo B to apo A-I may indicate a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. |
Apolipoprotein CII | ApoCII measurements can help determine the type or cause of high blood fats. |
Apolipoprotein CIII | ApoCIII plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Monitoring ApoCIII can help monitor hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease risk. |
Apolipoprotein E | Apolipoprotein E is a protein involved in the breakdown of fats. ApoE test can help identify the role of genetic factors in cardiovascular disease. |
Cardiovascular Risk Score | Cardiovascular risk score assesses your risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the next 10 years. |
Lipoprotein (a) | Lipoprotein (a) helps carry cholesterol through your bloodstream to your cells. Monitoring Lipoprotein(a) can help evaluate your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. |
Small LDL Cholesterol | Small dense LDL is the most atherogenic form of LDL, which means that it is more likely to leave fatty deposits in the blood. Monitoring small LDL can be used to evaluate cardiovascular disease risk. |
Glucose, HbA1c, Insulin, C-Peptide
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Glucose | A blood glucose test is used to find out if your blood sugar levels are in a healthy range. It can be used to help diagnose and monitor diabetes. |
HbA1c | Testing for HbA1c gives an indication of what an individual’s average blood sugar level has been over recent weeks/months. |
Insulin | Insulin is a hormone that your pancreas makes. It helps move blood glucose (blood sugar) from your bloodstream into your cells where it’s used for energy. Testing measures the amount of insulin, the hormone that lets cells take in glucose. |
C-Peptide | C-peptide can be used to help evaluate the production of endogenous insulin (insulin made by the body’s cells). |
Oestradiol, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinising Hormone (LH), Progesterone, Prolactin, Testosterone, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), Free Androgen Index
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Oestradiol | Cortisol is a steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of vital processes throughout the body, including metabolism and the immune response. |
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | In males, follicle stimulating hormone helps control the production and maintenance of sperm cells. In females, FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and the production of eggs by the ovaries. |
Luteinising Hormone (LH) | In males, Luteinising hormone stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone, which acts locally to support sperm production. In females, LH stimulates the ovaries to produce oestradiol, triggering ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. |
Progesterone | Progesterone is a sex hormone produced by adrenal glands and testes in males, necessary for spermatogenesis binds testosterone. In women, Progesterone is a sex hormone produced in the adrenal glands and ovaries, it plays an important role in regulating menstruation and pregnancy |
Prolactin | Prolactin is a sex hormone produced by the pituitary gland, typically occurs at low levels in men. In women, Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, typically responsible for lactation, breast tissue/gland development |
Testosterone | In men, testosterone is produced in the testes and adrenal glands, it regulates fertility, muscle mass, strength, libido, fat distribution. In women, testosterone is produced in the ovaries and adrenal glands, it regulates many bodily processes including: fertility, libido, muscle mass, fat distribution |
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) | Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein that transports androgens and oestrogens in the blood and regulates their access to target tissues. |
Free Androgen Index | Free Androgen Index the ratio of total testosterone to sex hormone binding globulin (a protein that binds to sex hormones, transporting them in an inactive form). |
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Triiodothyronine (T3), Free Thyroxine (T4), Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody, Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO)
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | TSH is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain, acts on the thyroid gland to regulate thyroid hormone production. |
Free Triiodothyronine (T3) | T3 is a thyroid hormone. It plays an important role in the body’s control of metabolism (the many processes that control the rate of activity in cells/tissues. |
Free Thyroxine (T4) | T4 is a thyroid hormone responsible for many bodily functions including (but not exclusive to) the metabolism, mood, body temperature. |
Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody | A thyroglobulin antibody test looks for certain antibodies that attack the thyroid. The presence of these antibodies in high levels may indicate an autoimmune condition. |
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO) | TPO plays an important role in the production of thyroid hormones. A TPO test detects for thryoid related autoimmune disorders. |
C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Albumin, Complement Component 3, Complement Component 4, Ferritin, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Anti-streptolysin O
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | C-reactive protein is a protein produced by the liver, concentrations rise in response to inflammation. A high or increasing amount of CRP in your blood can suggest that you have an acute infection or inflammation. |
Complement Component 3 | A complement C3 blood test is a marker of inflammation. It is used in the diagnosis of several medical conditions, including infections. |
Complement Component 4 | A complement C4 blood test is a marker of inflammation. It is used in the diagnosis of several medical conditions, including infections. |
Ferritin | A protein that binds to iron and stores it for use by the body. |
Immunoglobulin A | A IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. |
Immunoglobulin G | An IgG test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. |
Immunoglobulin M | An IgM test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. |
Anti-streptolysin O | Anti-streptolysin O is a blood test used to determine if you have or have had recently an infection caused by a streptococcus bacteria. |
Alkaline Phosphatase, Calcium (Adjusted), Phosphate, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Total Antioxidant Status
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Alkaline Phosphatase | ALP is an enzyme found in the bloodstream. It helps break down proteins in the body and exists in different organs. |
Calcium (Adjusted) | Calcium is one of the most important minerals in your body and has many essential functions.the calcium concentration is adjusted (‘corrected’) for the serum albumin concentration. |
Phosphate | Phosphates are essential to produce energy, muscle and nerve function, and bone growth. |
Vitamin D | Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones. Deficiency is common and can affect bone health, muscle health, immune function and mood. |
Magnesium | Magnesium is a mineral used for a lot of processes in the body and is especially important for bones and muscles. |
Folic Acid | Folic acid is a synthetic form of Vitamin B9 (Folate), which helps the body grow tissues, red blood cells, DNA and |
Vitamin B12 | A Vitamin B12 blood test can help to identify deficiency which may cause low energy levels, tiredness and weakness. |
Total Antioxidant Status | Total antioxidant status is used to measure the overall antioxidant status of the body, useful to evaluate total oxidative stress. |
Creatine Kinase, Uric Acid, Rheumatoid Factor, Parathyroid hormone
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Creatine Kinase | Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that aids the body in production of energy, found in skeletal muscle, heart muscle. A Creatine Kinase test can be used to assess muscle inflammation or damage due to myopathies, muscle disorders, like muscular dystrophy. |
Uric Acid | A waste product left over from normal chemical processes in the body and found in the urine and blood. |
Rheumatoid Factor | Rheumatoid factors are proteins made by the immune system. Rheumatoid factor is one of a group of blood tests mainly used to help pinpoint a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. |
Parathyroid hormone | PTH measures a protein hormone released by the parathyroid gland into the bloodstream. Monitoring can help monitor whether parathyroid disorders are the cause of abnormal blood calcium levels. |
Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Leptin | Leptin is often called a ‘hunger hormone’ because it regulates appetite by signalling to the brain that you have eaten enough food. |
Adiponectin | Adiponectin is a hormone your fat tissue releases that helps with insulin sensitivity and inflammation. |
Resistin | Resistin is a hormone your fat tissue releases that helps with insulin sensitivity and inflammation. |
Total Prostate Specific Antigen (Male), CA-125 (Female)
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Total Prostate Specific Antigen (Male) | PSA is a protein produced by both cancerous and noncancerous tissue in the prostate. A raised PSA level may suggest you have a problem with your prostate, but not necessarily cancer. |
CA-125 (Female) | A test measures that the amount of a protein called CA-125 (cancer antigen 125) in a sample of your blood. Conditions that can cause an increase in CA 125 include many that aren’t cancerous, such as menstruation and uterine fibroids. |
Pancreatic Amylase, Lipase
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Pancreatic Amylase | Amylase is a type of digestive enzyme made by your pancreas and salivary glands that helps your body break down carbohydrates. |
Lipase | Lipase – Lipase is a type of digestive enzyme that helps your body digest fats. |
H. Pylori, Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase antibodies
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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H. Pylori | H. pylori is a common type of bacteria that attacks the stomach lining. It’s usually passed from person to person. |
Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase antibodies | A blood test that shows higher levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies can help monitor if you have coeliac disease. |
Bilirubin, Glucose, Ketones, Nitrite, PH, Protein, Red Blood Cells, Urobilinogen, White Blood Cells
Immunoglobulin E
Biomarker | Biomarker Definition: |
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Immunoglobulin E | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) are antibodies produced by the immune system. If you have an allergy, your immune system reacts to an allergen by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). |